Employee, worker or self-employed? Comparing status and rights

The statutory definitions of the three categories of employment status have long been criticised as being unclear, and over the years a body of case law interpreting these definitions has grown up. Despite this, it remains difficult to set out a definitive list of criteria to allow employers or employees to determine whether an individual’s status is that of employee, worker or self-employed. The Supreme Court in Aslam v Uber [2021] recently gave useful guidance on the approach that should be taken, particularly with vulnerable workers, emphasising that it is the actual arrangements on the ground that matter and not what the contract says. ‘To add to the confusion, the definitions of employee and worker vary depending on the various rights,’ says Gillian Reid, a Solicitor in the employment law team with Ware & Kay. ‘The…

New rules for IR35 and off-payroll working from 6 April

After postponements in 2019 and 2020, the 6 April 2021 is the third date scheduled for the off-payroll working rules to be extended to the private sector. The purpose of the change is to increase compliance with tax rules known as IR35. This change has implications for: medium and large private sector organisations using contractors and freelancers; contractors and freelancers who provide their services through an intermediary, such as a personal services company; and agencies supplying contractors who provide their services through an intermediary. Medium and large private sector organisations using contractors and freelancers who provide their services through an intermediary such as a personal services company will be responsible for assessing the individual’s tax status under the off-payroll working rules. ‘The vexed issue of employment status, namely whether an individual is self-employed or…

Access to seasonal agricultural workers in the UK after Brexit: the Seasonal Worker Immigration Scheme and COVID-19 restrictions

Freedom of movement from the European mainland came to an end on 1 January 2021. In December 2020 the UK government announced that the number of seasonal agricultural workers permitted to travel to the UK to help pick and package fruit and vegetables in 2021 would be increased. Now 30,000 seasonal worker visas will be made available for 2021, enabling EU and non-EU workers to enter Britain to assist with the harvest. This will treble the number of seasonal worker visas made available in 2020.  Gillian Reid, Head of Employment at Ware & Kay Solicitors in York, Wetherby and Malton (Pearsons & Ward) explains.   The UK seasonal worker visa program was initially launched as a pilot in 2019 and has now been extended by a further 12 months. The extension applies to EU and non-EU workers…

Grumbles or grievances – why you need to take employee complaints seriously

Receiving a grievance from an employee is rarely welcome – dealing with it can soak up resources, cause disquiet among other employees and in some cases escalate into a dispute which ends up before an employment tribunal. However, as Gillian Reid, employment lawyer with Ware & Kay in York & Wetherby explains, handling grievances properly is a useful way of nipping workplace problems in the bud, stopping relations between you and an employee souring and resulting in legal action.    The key to dealing with grievances is to adopt a fair process and to be aware of some of the challenging issues that may crop up.   Importance of treating grievances seriously Dealing with a grievance promptly and thoroughly can avoid bigger problems arising later on, for example if the employee alleges that a colleague is…

Dealing with flexible working requests: guide for employers

Homeworking and other forms of flexible working arrangements are increasingly common, as employees juggle caring responsibilities or try to avoid long and expensive commutes to work. Employees may be surprised to learn that there is no right to work flexibly, just a right to make a request. However, as Gillian Reid, employment law specialist at Ware & Kay in York and Wetherby explains, employers need to respond properly to any requests to work flexibly to avoid claims in an employment tribunal. What is flexible working? Working part-time, from home or only in term time are all examples of flexible working, along with job shares and exemption from night shifts. The legal process to request flexible working applies to working hours and the place of work. Who has the right to request flexible working? The scope of…

It is time to refresh HR policies and practices for 2021

2020 was a tumultuous year with employers having to respond rapidly to the challenges of the pandemic. Culturally the world has shifted too, with the Black Lives Matter movement bringing momentum to improving equality and diversity at work. The end of the Brexit transition period on 31 December 2020 means an end to free movement and has implications for UK employment law. Gillian Reid, a Solicitor in the employment team with Ware & Kay suggests that ‘Now is a good time to review and refresh HR policies and practices after a fast-paced 2020 and to get ready for the challenges of the new year.’ She recommends focusing on the following areas: Working from home Is your working from home policy fit for purpose? Does it adequately deal with homeworking as the norm for staff, rather than…

Working from home: wellbeing and mental health of employees

While some people are enjoying working from home, this is not the case for everyone and the negative impacts over several months are taking a toll on some employees. ‘Employers are unsure of their responsibilities for mental health and how to deal with performance issues when the boundary between home and work has become blurred,’ says Gillian Reid, Head of Employment with Ware & Kay. ‘They want to know how best to support their employees’ wellbeing while keeping the business on track in difficult times. This includes knowing what questions you can ask, how to address mental health issues, and how to be fair in disciplinary procedures.’ Potential problems arising from homeworking Homeworking brings a different set of pressures to those in the workplace; a lack of boundaries between home and work, and difficulties in switching…

Preventing claims of stress at work

According to the Health & Safety Executive stress is ‘the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them’ by their job.  As an employer, you owe your employees a duty of care. That is, a duty to provide a work environment where employees are not caused psychological harm and should they suffer work-related psychological harm, you must do everything that is reasonable to prevent continuing harm. ‘In determining whether an employer is responsible for stress in the workplace and therefore liable to pay compensation, the court will determine whether an employee’s work-related stress was 'reasonably foreseeable' by the employer,’ explains Gillian Reid, employment law specialist at Ware & Kay in York & Wetherby.  ‘In other words, could you have predicted the work-related psychological harm and should you have prevented…

Keeping your workforce agile and within the law

The viability of many businesses is on a knife-edge and flexibility in scaling the workforce up or down at short notice has become increasingly important. For many employers, keeping their workforce as flexible as possible will be essential for their future. However, the law around zero-hours contracts, self-employment, personal service companies and agency workers is complex, and now is the time to take stock of your current arrangements. Gillian Reid, Head of Employment with Ware & Kay outlines how to manage the risks and obligations of the different options for a flexible workforce. Self-employed contractors: watch out for employment rights Contracting with a self-employed individual may seem like a low-risk option, without adding to the overheads. However, even if you and the individual initially agree that they are self-employed, an employment tribunal may see things differently…

7 pitfalls to avoid when making redundancies

As the Chancellor’s coronavirus job retention scheme enters its final phase and the prospect of a return to normal business seems distant for many companies, employers are having to contemplate redundancies if they are to keep their business afloat. ‘Getting the redundancy procedure right is crucial, as mistakes can open the door for an employee to bring a claim before an employment tribunal,’ explains Gillian Reid, a Solicitor in the employment team with Ware & Kay. ‘There has already been an increase in claims, particularly in regard to unfair dismissal relating to redundancy.’ Here are some common misunderstandings and mistakes for employers to avoid. Pitfall #1 - Failing to count voluntary redundancies towards the trigger for collective consultation The obligation to inform and consult with recognised trade unions or employee representatives kicks in when you are…